feat: add real-time view

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+[workspace]
+members = [".", "rtrt"]
+
 [package]
 name = "rsrt"
 authors = ["Elise Amber Katze <git@katze.sh>"]
@@ -7,6 +10,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 [dependencies]
 fastrand = "2.1.0"
 image = { version = "0.25.1", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
+paste = "1.0.15"
 rayon = "1.10.0"
 tracing = "0.1.40"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }

rtrt/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "rtrt"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+pixels = "0.13.0"
+rayon = "1.10.0"
+rsrt = { path = ".." }
+tracing = "0.1.40"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }
+winit = "0.28"
+winit_input_helper = "0.14"

rtrt/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+use tracing_subscriber::{layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt};
+
+mod window;
+
+fn main() {
+	tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer())
+        .with(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .init();
+
+	window::run().unwrap();
+}

rtrt/src/window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use pixels::{Error, Pixels, SurfaceTexture};
+use rsrt::builder::RaytracerBuilder;
+use rsrt::interval::Interval;
+use rsrt::raytracer::util::RenderContext;
+use rsrt::raytracer::{random_f64, random_f64_range, Raytracer};
+use rsrt::vec3::{Color, Point3, Vec3};
+use winit::dpi::LogicalSize;
+use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::window::WindowBuilder;
+use winit_input_helper::WinitInputHelper;
+
+const WIDTH: u32 = 1920 / 1;
+const HEIGHT: u32 = 1080 / 1;
+const SPP_HQ: usize = 100;
+const SPP_LQ: usize = 15;
+const SPP_SLQ: usize = 1;
+
+struct State {
+	pub look_from: Point3,
+	pub look_at: Point3,
+    pub vfov: f64,
+    pub focus: f64,
+    pub width: usize,
+    pub height: usize,
+	builder: RaytracerBuilder,
+	render_ctx: RenderContext,
+    pub last_render: Instant,
+    pub last_slq: bool,
+}
+
+pub fn run() -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+	let mut input = WinitInputHelper::new();
+	let window = {
+		let size = LogicalSize::new(WIDTH as f64, HEIGHT as f64);
+		WindowBuilder::new()
+			.with_title("rtrt")
+			.with_inner_size(size)
+			.with_min_inner_size(size)
+			.build(&event_loop)
+			.unwrap()
+	};
+
+	let mut pixels = {
+		let window_size = window.inner_size();
+		let surface_texture = SurfaceTexture::new(window_size.width, window_size.height, &window);
+		Pixels::new(WIDTH, HEIGHT, surface_texture)?
+	};
+	let mut world = State::new();
+
+	event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        if world.last_slq && world.last_render.elapsed() >= Duration::from_secs(2) {
+            world.upgrade_from_slq();
+        }
+
+		// Draw the current frame
+		if let Event::RedrawRequested(_) = event {
+			world.draw(pixels.frame_mut());
+			if let Err(err) = pixels.render() {
+				tracing::error!("pixels.render: {err}");
+				*control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Handle input events
+		if input.update(&event) {
+			// Close events
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Escape) || input.close_requested() {
+				*control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const MOVE_ADJ: f64 = 0.25;
+			const LOOK_ADJ: f64 = 0.25;
+			const FOV_ADJ: f64 = 0.10;
+            const FOCUS_ADJ: f64 = 1.00;
+
+
+			let mut move_backwards_amount = 0.0f64;
+			let mut move_left_amount = 0.0f64;
+            let mut move_up_amount = 0.0f64;
+			let mut look_up_amount = 0.0f64;
+			let mut look_left_amount = 0.0f64;
+            let mut fov_amount = 0.0f64;
+			let mut hq = false;
+            let mut focus_amount = 0.0f64;
+
+			// Move events
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::W) {
+				move_backwards_amount -= MOVE_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::S) {
+				move_backwards_amount += MOVE_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::A) {
+				move_left_amount += MOVE_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::D) {
+				move_left_amount -= MOVE_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Up) {
+				look_up_amount += LOOK_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Down) {
+				look_up_amount -= LOOK_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Right) {
+				look_left_amount -= LOOK_ADJ;
+			}
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Left) {
+				look_left_amount += LOOK_ADJ;
+			}
+
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Space) {
+                move_up_amount += LOOK_ADJ;
+            }
+
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::LShift) || input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::RShift) {
+                move_up_amount -= LOOK_ADJ;
+            }
+
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Equals) {
+                fov_amount += FOV_ADJ;
+            }
+
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Minus) {
+                fov_amount -= FOV_ADJ;
+            }
+
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::LBracket) {
+                focus_amount += FOCUS_ADJ;
+            }
+
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::RBracket) {
+                focus_amount -= FOCUS_ADJ;
+            }
+
+
+			if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Return) {
+				hq = true;
+			}
+
+
+            let resized: Option<(usize, usize)> = None;
+			// Resize the window
+			if let Some(size) = input.window_resized() {
+				if let Err(err) = pixels.resize_surface(size.width, size.height) {
+					tracing::error!("pixels.resize_surface: {err}");
+					*control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+					return;
+				}
+
+                // if let Err(err) = pixels.resize_buffer(size.width, size.height) {
+                //     tracing::error!("pixels.resize_buffer: {err}");
+				// 	*control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+				// 	return;
+                // }
+
+                // resized = Some((size.width, size.height))
+			}
+
+			// Update internal state and request a redraw
+			if hq
+				|| look_left_amount != 0.0
+				|| look_up_amount != 0.0
+				|| move_backwards_amount != 0.0
+				|| move_left_amount != 0.0
+                || move_up_amount != 0.0
+                || resized.is_some()
+                || fov_amount != 0.0
+                || focus_amount != 0.0
+			{
+                if let Some((width, height)) = resized {
+                    world.width = width as usize;
+                    world.height = height as usize;
+                }
+
+                world.focus += focus_amount;
+				world.look_at += Vec3::new(0.0, look_up_amount, look_left_amount); //move_backwards_amount, look_up_amount + move_up_amount, look_left_amount + move_left_amount);
+				world.look_from += Vec3::new(move_backwards_amount, move_up_amount, move_left_amount);
+                world.vfov += fov_amount;
+				world.update(hq, resized.is_some());
+			}
+			window.request_redraw();
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+impl State {
+	/// Create a new `World` instance that can draw a moving box.
+	fn new() -> Self {
+		let look_from = Point3::new(13.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+		let look_at = Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+        let vfov = 20.0;
+        let focus = 10.0;
+
+		let mut builder = Raytracer::builder()
+			.image_size(WIDTH as usize, HEIGHT as usize)
+			.samples_per_pixel(1)
+			.max_depth(50)
+			.vertical_fov(vfov)
+			.look_from(13.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+			.look_at(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+			.vup(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+			.defocus_angle(0.6)
+			.focus_dist(focus)
+			.with_sphere(0.0, -1000.0, 0.0, 1000.0)
+			.lambertian(1.0, 0.6, 0.7);
+
+		for a in -11..11 {
+			for b in -11..11 {
+				let choose_mat = random_f64();
+				let center =
+					Point3::new(a as f64 + 0.9 * random_f64(), 0.2, b as f64 + 0.9 * random_f64());
+
+				if (center - Point3::new(4.0, 0.2, 0.0)).len() > 0.9 {
+					let shape_builder =
+						builder.with_sphere(center.x(), center.y(), center.z(), 0.2);
+
+					builder = if choose_mat < 0.8 {
+						let albedo = Color::random() * Color::random();
+						shape_builder.lambertian(albedo.r(), albedo.g(), albedo.b())
+					} else if choose_mat < 0.95 {
+						let albedo = Color::random_range(0.5, 1.0);
+						let fuzz = random_f64_range(0.0, 0.5);
+						shape_builder.metal(albedo.r(), albedo.g(), albedo.b(), fuzz)
+					} else {
+						shape_builder.dielectric(1.5)
+					};
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		let builder = builder
+			.with_sphere(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+			.dielectric(1.5)
+			.with_sphere(-4.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+			.lambertian(1.0, 0.5, 0.6)
+			.with_sphere(4.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+			.metal(0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.0);
+
+        let render_ctx = RenderContext::new(WIDTH as usize, HEIGHT as usize, 0);
+        builder.clone().finish().render_multithread_rayon_detached(render_ctx.clone());
+		Self {
+			builder: builder.clone(),
+			look_from,
+			look_at,
+			render_ctx,
+            width: WIDTH as usize,
+            height: HEIGHT as usize,
+            last_render: Instant::now(),
+            last_slq: true,
+            vfov,
+            focus
+		}
+	}
+
+    fn upgrade_from_slq(&mut self) {
+        assert!(self.last_slq);
+        self.last_slq = false;
+        self.builder
+			.samples_per_pixel_ref(SPP_LQ);
+		self.builder.clone().finish().render_multithread_rayon_detached(self.render_ctx.clone());
+    }
+
+	fn update(&mut self, hq: bool, changed_buffer: bool) {
+        self.render_ctx.next();
+
+        if changed_buffer {
+            self.render_ctx = RenderContext::new(self.width, self.height, self.render_ctx.render_id());
+            self.builder.image_size_ref(self.width, self.height);
+        }
+
+        let spp = match hq {
+            true => SPP_HQ,
+            false => SPP_SLQ,
+        };
+
+        self.last_render = Instant::now();
+        self.last_slq = spp == SPP_SLQ;
+
+		self.builder
+            .focus_dist_ref(self.focus)
+            .vertical_fov_ref(self.vfov)
+			.samples_per_pixel_ref(match hq {
+				true => SPP_HQ,
+				false => SPP_SLQ,
+			})
+			.look_from_ref(self.look_from.x(), self.look_from.y(), self.look_from.z())
+			.look_at_ref(self.look_at.x(), self.look_at.y(), self.look_at.z());
+		self.builder.clone().finish().render_multithread_rayon_detached(self.render_ctx.clone());
+	}
+
+	fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut [u8]) {
+		for (index, pixel) in frame.chunks_exact_mut(4).enumerate() {
+			fn linear_to_gamma(linear_component: f64) -> f64 {
+				if linear_component > 0.0 {
+					return linear_component.sqrt();
+				}
+
+				0.0
+			}
+
+            let color = self.render_ctx.get_color_raw_idx(index);
+
+			let r = linear_to_gamma(color.r());
+			let g = linear_to_gamma(color.g());
+			let b = linear_to_gamma(color.b());
+
+			const INTENSITY: Interval = Interval::new(0.000, 0.999);
+
+			pixel.copy_from_slice(&[
+				(INTENSITY.clamp(r) * 256.0) as u8,
+				(INTENSITY.clamp(g) * 256.0) as u8,
+				(INTENSITY.clamp(b) * 256.0) as u8,
+				255 as u8,
+			]);
+		}
+	}
+}

src/builder.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ impl SphereBuilder {
 	}
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RaytracerBuilder {
 	pub world: HittableList,
 
@@ -71,51 +72,62 @@ impl Default for RaytracerBuilder {
 	}
 }
 
+macro_rules! fn_ref {
+	($(pub fn $fident:ident(&mut $selfident:ident, $($aident:ident: $aty:ty),*) $b:block)*) => {
+		paste::paste! {
+			$(
+				pub fn $fident(mut $selfident, $($aident: $aty),*) -> Self {
+					$b
+					$selfident
+				}
+
+				pub fn [<$fident _ref>](&mut $selfident, $($aident: $aty),*) -> &mut Self {
+					$b
+					$selfident
+				}
+			)*
+		}
+	};
+}
+
 impl RaytracerBuilder {
-	pub fn image_size(mut self, width: usize, height: usize) -> Self {
-		self.image_width = width;
-		self.image_height = height;
-		self
-	}
+	fn_ref! {
+		pub fn image_size(&mut self, width: usize, height: usize) {
+			self.image_width = width;
+			self.image_height = height;
+		}
 
-	pub fn look_from(mut self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) -> Self {
-		self.look_from = Point3::new(x, y, z);
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn look_at(mut self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) -> Self {
-		self.look_at = Point3::new(x, y, z);
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn vup(mut self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) -> Self {
-		self.vup = Point3::new(x, y, z);
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn max_depth(mut self, depth: usize) -> Self {
-		self.max_depth = depth;
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn samples_per_pixel(mut self, samples_per_pixel: usize) -> Self {
-		self.samples_per_pixel = samples_per_pixel;
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn vertical_fov(mut self, vertical_fov: f64) -> Self {
-		self.vertical_fov = vertical_fov;
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn defocus_angle(mut self, defocus_angle: f64) -> Self {
-		self.defocus_angle = defocus_angle;
-		self
-	}
-
-	pub fn focus_dist(mut self, focus_dist: f64) -> Self {
-		self.focus_dist = focus_dist;
-		self
+		pub fn look_from(&mut self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) {
+			self.look_from = Point3::new(x, y, z);
+		}
+	
+		pub fn look_at(&mut self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) {
+			self.look_at = Point3::new(x, y, z);
+		}
+	
+		pub fn vup(&mut self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) {
+			self.vup = Point3::new(x, y, z);
+		}
+	
+		pub fn max_depth(&mut self, depth: usize) {
+			self.max_depth = depth;
+		}
+	
+		pub fn samples_per_pixel(&mut self, samples_per_pixel: usize) {
+			self.samples_per_pixel = samples_per_pixel;
+		}
+	
+		pub fn vertical_fov(&mut self, vertical_fov: f64) {
+			self.vertical_fov = vertical_fov;
+		}
+	
+		pub fn defocus_angle(&mut self, defocus_angle: f64) {
+			self.defocus_angle = defocus_angle;
+		}
+	
+		pub fn focus_dist(&mut self, focus_dist: f64) {
+			self.focus_dist = focus_dist;
+		}
 	}
 
 	pub fn with_sphere(self, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, radius: f64) -> SphereBuilder {

src/hittable.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pub trait Hittable {
 	fn hit(&self, ray: &Ray, ray_t: &Interval) -> Option<HitRecord>;
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum Object {
 	Sphere(sphere::Sphere),
 }
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ impl Hittable for Object {
 	}
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct HittableList {
 	objects: Vec<Object>,
 }

src/hittable/sphere.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use crate::{interval::Interval, material::Materials, vec3::Point3};
 
 use super::{HitRecord, Hittable};
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct Sphere {
 	center: Point3,
 	radius: f64,

src/main.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ fn main() {
 		.with(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
 		.init();
 
-	let image = cover(WIDTH, HEIGHT, 500).render();
+	let image = cover(WIDTH, HEIGHT, 500).render_multithread_rayon();
 
 	out::write_image("./image.png", &image[..], WIDTH as u32, HEIGHT as u32).unwrap();
 }

src/raytracer.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
+pub mod util;
+pub mod render;
 
 use crate::{
 	builder::RaytracerBuilder,
@@ -124,43 +125,6 @@ impl Raytracer {
 		let a = 0.5 * (unit_direction.y() + 1.0);
 		((1.0 - a) * Color::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)) + (a * Color::new(0.5, 0.7, 1.0))
 	}
-
-	pub fn render_multithread_rayon(&self) -> Vec<Color> {
-		(0..self.image_height)
-			.into_par_iter()
-			.flat_map(|y| (0..self.image_width).into_par_iter().map(move |x| (x, y)))
-			.map(|(j, i)| {
-				let mut pixel_color = Vec3::default();
-
-				for _ in 0..self.samples_per_pixel {
-					let ray = self.get_ray(i, j);
-					pixel_color += self.ray_color(self.max_depth, &ray);
-				}
-
-				pixel_color * self.pixel_samples_scale
-			})
-			.collect()
-	}
-
-	pub fn render(&self) -> Vec<Color> {
-		let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(self.image_height * self.image_width);
-
-		for j in 0..self.image_height {
-			tracing::debug!("Scanlines remaining: {}", self.image_height - j);
-			for i in 0..self.image_width {
-				let mut pixel_color = Vec3::default();
-
-				for _ in 0..self.samples_per_pixel {
-					let ray = self.get_ray(i, j);
-					pixel_color += self.ray_color(self.max_depth, &ray);
-				}
-
-				out.push(pixel_color * self.pixel_samples_scale);
-			}
-		}
-
-		out
-	}
 }
 
 #[inline(always)]

src/raytracer/render.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
+
+use crate::vec3::{Color, Vec3};
+
+use super::util::RenderContext;
+
+impl super::Raytracer {
+	pub fn render_multithread_rayon_detached(self, ctx: RenderContext) {
+		let render_id = ctx.render_id();
+		std::thread::spawn(move || {
+			let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+			tracing::info!("Starting Render ID {render_id:#06X}");
+			let terminated = (0..self.image_height)
+				.into_par_iter()
+				.flat_map(|y| (0..self.image_width).into_par_iter().map(move |x| (x, y)))
+				.any(|(i, j)| {
+					if ctx.render_id() != render_id {
+						return true;
+					}
+
+					let mut pixel_color = Vec3::default();
+
+					for _ in 0..self.samples_per_pixel {
+						let ray = self.get_ray(i, j);
+						pixel_color += self.ray_color(self.max_depth, &ray);
+					}
+
+					ctx.set_color(i, j, pixel_color * self.pixel_samples_scale);
+
+					false
+				});
+
+			tracing::info!(
+				"Finished Render ID {render_id:#06X} in {}s (terminated={terminated})",
+				start.elapsed().as_secs_f64()
+			);
+		});
+	}
+
+	pub fn render_multithread_rayon(&self) -> Vec<Color> {
+		(0..self.image_height)
+			.into_par_iter()
+			.flat_map(|y| (0..self.image_width).into_par_iter().map(move |x| (x, y)))
+			.map(|(i, j)| {
+				tracing::debug!("Scanlines remaining: {}", self.image_height - j);
+				let mut pixel_color = Vec3::default();
+
+				for _ in 0..self.samples_per_pixel {
+					let ray = self.get_ray(i, j);
+					pixel_color += self.ray_color(self.max_depth, &ray);
+				}
+
+				pixel_color * self.pixel_samples_scale
+			})
+			.collect()
+	}
+
+	pub fn render(&self) -> Vec<Color> {
+		let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(self.image_height * self.image_width);
+
+		for j in 0..self.image_height {
+			tracing::debug!("Scanlines remaining: {}", self.image_height - j);
+			for i in 0..self.image_width {
+				let mut pixel_color = Color::default();
+
+				for _ in 0..self.samples_per_pixel {
+					let ray = self.get_ray(i, j);
+					pixel_color += self.ray_color(self.max_depth, &ray);
+				}
+
+				out.push(pixel_color * self.pixel_samples_scale);
+			}
+		}
+
+		out
+	}
+}

src/raytracer/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std::{alloc::Layout, cell::UnsafeCell, ops::Deref, ptr::NonNull, sync::atomic::AtomicUsize};
+
+use crate::vec3::Color;
+
+pub struct RenderContextInner {
+    width: usize,
+    render_id: UnsafeCell<usize>,
+    max: usize,
+    layout: Layout,
+    buffer: UnsafeCell<*mut Color>,
+    refs: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+impl RenderContextInner {
+    pub fn new(width: usize, height: usize, id: usize) -> Self {
+		let layout = Layout::array::<Color>(width * height).unwrap();
+		let buffer = UnsafeCell::new(unsafe { std::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout) } as *mut Color);
+		Self {
+			width,
+			max: width * height,
+			layout,
+			buffer,
+			refs: AtomicUsize::new(1),
+			render_id: UnsafeCell::new(id),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn render_id(&self) -> usize {
+		let ptr = self.render_id.get();
+		unsafe { std::ptr::read_volatile(ptr) }
+	}
+
+	pub fn next(&self) {
+		let ptr = self.render_id.get();
+		unsafe {
+			std::ptr::write_volatile(ptr, std::ptr::read_volatile(ptr) + 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn set_color(&self, x: usize, y: usize, color: Color) {
+		let offset = (y * self.width) + x;
+
+		if offset >= self.max {
+			panic!("Bad index: {offset} >= {}", self.max);
+		}
+
+		unsafe {
+			let ptr = *self.buffer.get();
+			std::ptr::write(ptr.add(offset), color);
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_color_raw_idx(&self, offset: usize) -> Color {
+		if offset >= self.max {
+			panic!("Bad index: {offset} >= {}", self.max);
+		}
+
+		unsafe {
+			let ptr = *self.buffer.get();
+			std::ptr::read(ptr.add(offset))
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_color(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Color {
+		let offset = (y * self.width) + x;
+		self.get_color_raw_idx(offset)
+	}
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RenderContext {
+    inner: NonNull<RenderContextInner>,
+}
+
+impl Deref for RenderContext {
+    type Target = RenderContextInner;
+    
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        unsafe { self.inner.as_ref() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RenderContext {
+	pub fn new(width: usize, height: usize, id: usize) -> Self {
+        const LAYOUT: Layout = Layout::new::<RenderContextInner>();
+        let inner = NonNull::new(unsafe { std::alloc::alloc_zeroed(LAYOUT) as *mut RenderContextInner }).unwrap();
+        unsafe { inner.write_volatile(RenderContextInner::new(width, height, id)); }
+		Self { inner }
+	}
+}
+
+impl Clone for RenderContext {
+	fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+		if unsafe { self.inner.as_ref() }.refs.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst) == usize::MAX {
+			panic!("RenderContextInner refcount overflowed??");
+		}
+
+		unsafe { std::ptr::read_volatile(self as *const Self) }
+	}
+}
+
+impl Drop for RenderContext {
+	fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let r = unsafe { self.inner.as_ref() }.refs.fetch_sub(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+		if r <= 1 {
+            let n = unsafe { self.inner.as_ref() }.refs.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+            println!("Freeing... old={r} new={n}");
+            unsafe {
+				let ptr_ptr: *mut *mut Color = self.inner.as_ref().buffer.get();
+				let ptr = *ptr_ptr;
+				std::alloc::dealloc(ptr as *mut u8, self.inner.as_ref().layout);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for RenderContext {}
+unsafe impl Sync for RenderContext {}